Vizija

Rodipe

Rosamaria E. Kostic Cisneros

Ungrikani Khelibaski Kolekcija

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Botoló (Stick Dance) Tf.3823

Zsuzsanna Bene | Botoló (Stick Dance) Tf.3823 | fotografija | Ungriko | 1955 | dan_00072 Rights held by: Zsuzsanna Bene (artwork) / Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Sciences (scan) | Licensed under: Rights of Use (scan) | Provided by: Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (Budapest/Hungary)

E Roma ko Ungro pindzarde sar magyarországi romák, kherena 3.8 procentora kotar e sasti populacija kotar e nacionalno manushengo genibe ko 2011 bersh.1 Ki savi vrama avile ko them na dzanela pes numa si informacije so phenena kaj sine manusha kola so akarena pes sine Cigan, Cygan vaj Chygan vaj pale sine gava akarde Zygan upre tele pe kodo than katar e deshu trito vaj pale deshu shtaro shelbershipe. (Kemény, 2005).

Dikhibe ko Ungro: Czárdas thaj Botoló (Khastengo Khelibe)

I Katalin Kovalcsik kerela dekonstrukcija pe Romani muzika phendinoj,

»Tradicionalno si duj tipora kotar i muzika so kherena e Roma: jekh si muzichko serviso savo so dela pes e na-Romane publikake, o aver si muzika savi si kerdi ki Romani komuniteta. I muzika so sine bashaldi e stranconge sine markirimi ›Gypsy muzika‹ ki Ungrikani Dzanibaskeri literatura, leindoj andre peskero kolokvijalno anav, dzi kote i muzika so o Roma bashalena mashkar peste akharela pes ›folklorno muzika‹.«

Voj dureder phenela pire vorbencar kaj o termino »Gypsy muzika« sine kerdo kotar e Ungrikako kompozitoro Ferenc (Franz) Liszt. Ko oleskero publikuimo lil pe Frencisko chib ko Paris pe 1859 bersh thaj duj bersh dureder ko Ungro ki Peshta – »On Gypsies and Gypsy Music in Hungary« (Pala e Gypsies thaj i Gypsy Muzika ko Ungro) (Liszt, 1959, 1861) – vov vorbisarda andre pala e muzika so sine bashaldi kotar e profesionalno romane bashalutne sar »Gypsy muzika«.2

Shaj ki sasti luma egzistuil o kheliba e kashtune instrumentoncar ko khelibasko maribe. Kheliba kolende so lela pes savo te si tipo kotar varesavo kasht sar so si (macho, tover, cikneder tover kash thaj aver) sa kodo si klasificirimo sar khelimata e kashtencar kola so sikavena sar tavdela sine i vrama. Akava dela amen godzi palpale ki antichko khelibaski kultura, gasavo khelibasko tipo shaj te arakhel vi ko Ungro, gasavo khelibe si o Botoló (Khelibe e kashtencar) lache pindzardo (Martin, 1979).

E Ungrikani Akademija pala o dzanibe’ Photogravsko Arxiva dela kolekcija kotar e dokumentirime javera verzije kotar o Botoló e so duj performance si ko konteksto e ruralno trujalipa. Ki kolekcija isi shel pikture kotar e 1955 dzi ko 1989 bersh, si numero kotar e fotografije kola si kherde trujal e khelibaskere kolorija. I dujto kolekcija savi si dendi kotar e Specijalno Leeds Kolekcija katar e Liljarutnesko Univerziteto sikavela desh bakareske/kuproske kotora kerde kotar o artisto Ernö Barta. Akala sikavena e Ungrikane folklorno khelimata khelde kotar e mursha vi dzuvlja ko tradicionalno uravimata. Dzi kote amen naj sam chache pakivale si li o tanco lache pindzardo sar Czárdas,akaja sekcija chivela pes andre ko teksto tanco.

Ernö Barta: Ungrikano grafichko kuprosko/bakarosko/majstoro

I vizuelno imaginacija pala o khelibe thaj sar sikavela pes o romano khelibasko arto ko vizuelno arto si bud vazhno ki Romani komunitetaki historija. Ki vrama kotar e deshuenjato tha bishto shel bershipe, but artistora kerde sofisticirime kotora kola so shaj te dikhen pes avdive ki sasti luma. Mashkar olende si vi o Ungro Ernö Barta (1878–1956), khin si grafichko artisto tha piktori khon kerdilas popularno ko agor katar e shelbershipe. Ko 1900 shelbershipe, avilas dzeno kotar o Munichesko Artistikano Nouveau Mishkipa thaj ko 1920 bersh kerdas serije kotar e rezbe/printiba/kola so arakhena pes ko specijalno kolekcijeki Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds (Brotherton Liljarutni ko Leeds Univerziteto, Bari Britanija).

Akala desh, lache dzivde gravure/kotora kerde katar e kupro/katar o romano tanco kheldo pe festivalora ko sasto Ungro akarde si »Ungrikane kheliba«. E kolorija si intezivno vibrantno: roze, vunato, orandza thaj zeleno kola so dena godzi vi sikavena i atmosfera kotar e Romane festivalora thaj si slikime/ramosarde. Sa e kuproske kotora si kherde ko mashkarutno khelibe thaj sar gasave von sikavenai kultura thaj e manushen ko majbare olengere bare vi losharibaskere divesa. Akala kheliba naj limitirime pala e phureder generacije: kerde si pe than e kuproskere materijalejakerde len terneder manusha kola so lije than ko akala aktivitetija, sikavela pes i komuniteta sar khetane loshanela vi khelela. (Banatvala, 2017).

Vi kodo so e tancora si kerde ko Bartaske kuproske kotora naj klaro evidentirime, vazhno si te chiven pes ko konteksto pala e »Ungrikane khelimata«.

»Ko deshuenjato thaj ko bishto shelbershipe, e kompozitora – sar reprezentantora kotar e Europakerei elita – aktivno dije forma pe Gypsy muzika vi romane khelibaskere tipora ki Evropaki kultura. Po agor katar e deshuenjato shelbershipe, lijas te khelel pes o sigutno tanco ko paro/duj dzene khelena/pindzardo si telal buteder anava [...]. E tanconge trubuja sine jekh unificirimo anav, numa kotar e 1844 bersh von lije te panden pes e anaveja Czárdas (krchma/phureder cikno pijibasko than) kote so majbut khelela sine pes.«

Pesovar 1987, p. 149

»O Verbunkos, thaj o Czárdas khelimata crdija te prepindzaren pes sar tradicionalno kheliba. Kotar e avgo kotor ko 1800 shel bershalipe, ko ›Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung‹, e Ungrikane nacionalno kheliba sine phendine sar regrutacijakere tancora dzi kote e sigutne tancora kote hutela pes sine anavkerde si Gypsy vaj folklorno. Pashe 1835, o Márk Rózsavölgyi (1789–1848), violinisto respektuimo khelibaskero kompozitoro (sar thaj o Verbunkos) [...] lije phundre andre te kreinirinen o nacionalno Ungrikano tanco so ka ovel alternativa e stranconge, majbut pe Njamconge, tancora kola so khelena sine i mashkarutni klasa pe balora. But popularno muzikantora sine chuvde andre ko simularno tranformiribasko proceso kotar e khelibaskeri Ungrkani tancoski tradicija, deindojalternativno popularno forma ki kodi vrama poloneza.«

Piotrowska, 2013

O Ungrikano nacionalno khelibe, Czárdas, si flertesko kheliba savo so khelela pes ko paro/duj dzene. Isi jekh kotor so khelela pes cera pe cera akardo Lassu, pala oleste avela o sigjarutno kotor pindzardo sar Friss. E khelutne khelena barikane perde pestar. Andre ko Czárdas isi si hutibaski phundrengi tehnika kote so e khelutne sigate irinena pire phundre andre thaj avri, dzi kote e parija/e duj khelutne irinena pes. I muzika butivar si bashaldi kotar e Romane orkestrija thaj si ko 2/4 vaj 4/4 ritmo e fascinantno, ritmorencar kotar e sinko-piriba.

O Czárdas si vazdimo ko deshuenjato shelbershipe kotar e phureder folklorno tanco magyar kör (Britanika pe interneto, Link). O Ungrikano kompozitoro Franz Liszth ramosarda muzika savi so dela men godzi pe Czárda ko oleskere Ungrikane Rhapsodies. O Kovalcsik dela men godzi kaj e sigutno vazdipe e ›Gypsy‹ bendorengo ko nakhle dekade crdindoj katar e deshuenjato shelbershipe sine telal e influence kotar e Ungrikano nacionalno mishkipe, leindoj andre sa e kulturno zhanren, chuvindoj andre neologizmo, muzika, tanco thaj kostimora.3

O Univerziteto Leeds kherela distinkcija mashkar e komunitete kotar e Gypsy, Pirutne vi Roma kola si duj ulavde kolekcije, vorbisarel pes pala e javeripa, etnikane (te phenas Rumunijake, Irlandanke Pirutne) thaj na Romane komunitete kolen isi (Te phenas sar nevo Pirutno) nomadsko kultura, historija ja palem javer dzivdipasko stilo.

Ko kolekcije isi baro numero kotar e publikuime kotora, andre si chuvde buteder kotora kola so sine donirime ko 1950 shelbershipe kotar e Lord Brotherton-ski romni, leski hurdi i Dorothy Una Ratcliffe. I Ratcliffe sine fascinirimi kotar e Romani kultura; voj nakhlas but kotar e olakero dzivdipe hramondinoj pala e Roma khedindoj pikture vi publikacije pala e olengeri kultura khere vi avri.

Ungrikikake Khelibaskere Gilja

E Ungrikako romano repertoaro chivela andre muzikakere tipora kola so shaj te oven lende sar »Khelibaskere Gilja« kola so sar so vorbil o anav, si gilja save so shaj te kelen pes. O Kovalcsik (2003) mothovela olengere tipichno karakteristike:

»Kodola si ko duj thaj shtar takto e vorbi si ko efta-vaj oftonuma shaj te oven ko trin /slogora/-syllabic numa ko agor e melodijako te phenas si 8, 8+3, 8, 8+3, vaj pale o numero e linijengo shaj te bajrovel te phenas sar dzi ko shov: 8, 8, 8+3, 8, 8, 8+3, thaj aver«. (Sárosi 1978: 27)

O Botoló (Khashtengo khelibe) si ko trinvarutno ritmo 3/8 vaj pale 6/8 thaj shaj te chiven pes andre varesave linije kola si kombinirime ko duj thaj shrto thaj shtare takteja.

Cigánytánc 1981

Rights held by: Ernő Pesovár (artwork) / Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (scan) | Licensed under: Rights of Use (scan) | Provided by: Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (Budapest/Hungary)

Kashtunalo Khelibe

O avgo khelibe so iklilo kotar e Ungriko historichno resursko materijalora si o tanco Heyduck ko deshushovto thaj deshueftato shelbershipe. Akava khelibe sine interpriterimo sar khelibe e kashtencar mashkar e manusha so arakhena dzivinen vi mashkar armijakhere manusha, numa ko buvleder senso si vi generalno stilo kotar e folklorno tanco kotar akava periodo. Pala e historijakere reportora e khelutne mursha korkori vi ko grupe khelena akrobatsko konfiguracije e zorasar kelindoj pire kashtencar kombinirindoj e kompozicije ki slobodno forma (Martin 1979: 8). E kheliba e kashune instrumentencar mujil sar maribaski gestikulacija thaj shaj sine te oven khelde numa kotar e murshenge grupe vaj pale duje dzenencar kote so lena than vi e dzuvlja. O kheliba chuvela andre energichno, akrobatsko khuvibe thaj harizmatichno gestura e vastencar thaj ritmichno vorbe. E akale erako popularno instrumentija sar so si e gajde (tárogató), ikemane/violin vaj pale drumora/chalavutno instrument tarabuke sine kotor katar akava Ungrikano Gilavibasko stilo.

Mashkar e baro numero katar e istikane-europakere instrumentalno kheliba e kashtencar, lela pes bari sama.

»O kashtengo kheliba e okole manushenge so arakhena dzivine thaj e gypsies so traina sine ki natura savi si ki granica e Bare Vesheja pa sa dzi ko Upruni-chacherigeski rig prezentirinena o majbarvalo kotor kova nashti te ulavel pes rigate kotar e chacherigesko europake khelimata e kashtencar.« (Martin, 1979)

O Martin vorbil vuzheste kaj duj vaj trin decade e majlache khelutne e kashtencar avena kotare Bereg, Szatmdr, Nyirsdg dopash-Roma »manushendar so arakhena dzivine-gypsies« sar vi thaj e manusha so keren buchi e sastrneja/kopareja so kherena kambane thaj balane vash e shejengo toviba. O Botoló kheliba kotar o upruno-chacherigesko region katar e Bari vesh kotlina (majbut kotar e Szatmár regiono) vi o Kanásztánc (e Balengero Kheliba) kotar e Transdanubia (majbut katar o Somogy regiono) si evidento vash e dile Heyduck khelimata kotar e phurani vrama.

  • Sándor Michaletzky | Botoló (Stick Dance) Tf.40192 | fotografija | Ungriko | 1979-07 | dan_00103 Rights held by: Sándor Michaletzky (artwork) / Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Sciences (scan) | Licensed under: Rights of Use (scan) | Provided by: Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (Budapest/Hungary)
  • Sándor Michaletzky | Botoló (Stick Dance) Tf.40191 | fotografija | Ungriko | 1979-07 | dan_00102 Rights held by: Sándor Michaletzky (artwork) / Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Sciences (scan) | Licensed under: Rights of Use (scan) | Provided by: Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (Budapest/Hungary)
  • Sándor Michaletzky | Botoló (Stick Dance) Tf.40161 | fotografija | Ungriko | 1979-07 | dan_00090 Rights held by: Sándor Michaletzky (artwork) / Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Sciences (scan) | Licensed under: Rights of Use (scan) | Provided by: Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (Budapest/Hungary)
  • Zsuzsanna Bene | Botoló (Stick Dance) Tf.3823 | fotografija | Ungriko | 1955 | dan_00072 Rights held by: Zsuzsanna Bene (artwork) / Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Sciences (scan) | Licensed under: Rights of Use (scan) | Provided by: Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (Budapest/Hungary)
  • Zsuzsanna Bene | Botoló (Stick Dance) Tf.3824 | fotografija | Ungriko | 1955 | dan_00073 Rights held by: Zsuzsanna Bene (artwork) / Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Sciences (scan) | Licensed under: Rights of Use (scan) | Provided by: Research Centre for the Humanities – Hungarian Academy of Science (Budapest/Hungary)

Rights held by: Rosamaria E. Kostic Cisneros (text) — Sarita Jasarova (translation) | Licensed by: Rosamaria E. Kostic Cisneros (text) — Sarita Jasarova (translation) | Licensed under: CC-BY-NC 3.0 Germany | Provided by: RomArchive